ᐄᒃ
ᐃᓄᐃᑦ (ᕼᐅᒧ ᓴᐱᐊᓐᔅ) ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᒐᔪᖕᓂᖅᐹᖑᕗᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᐊᒻᒪᒃᓯᒪᓂᖅᐹᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᑕᐃᔭᐅᔪᑦ Homo. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᓇᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᔭᖃᓐᖏᓐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓯᒐᖃᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᓚᑐᓂᖃᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᓂᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᖃᖅᐳᑦ, ᐱᔪᓐᓇᖅᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓯᕗᒧᐊᒃᓯᒪᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᓂᒃ ᐱᕈᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓱᐃᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᓂ ᐊᕙᑎᓂ, ᓴᓇᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᑐᔪᒻᒪᕆᖕᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑎᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᑐᔪᓂᒃ ᐃᓅᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᒪᓂᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᐅᔪᓂᒃ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᑦᑎᐊᕐᒪᑕ, ᐊᑐᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᒐᔪᒃᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᑲᓲᒪᓂᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᓄᑦ - ᐃᓚᒌᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓪᓗᐊᖃᑎᒌᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᑯᐊᐳᕇᓴᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒐᕙᒪᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᐅᔪᓄᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓐᓂᖓᓄᑦ, ᐃᓅᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑎᓯᒪᓕᖅᐳᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ, ᐃᓅᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᐅᔪᓂᒃ, ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕐᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᕐᓂᒃ (ᑲᑎᙵᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑕᐃᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᑎᒥᐅᔪᑦ), ᐊᑐᓂ ᓴᙱᒃᑎᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᖕᓂᒃ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᔪᒪᓂᖃᑦᑎᐊᕐᒥᔪᑦ: ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᔪᒪᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒃᑐᐃᓂᖃᕈᒪᓂᖅ ᖃᓄᐃᓐᓂᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᑲᔪᖏᖅᓴᐃᓯᒪᕗᖅ ᐃᓄᖕᓂᒃ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᓄᑖᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᓂᒃ, ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᑐᐊᓂᒃ, ᐅᑉᐱᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᒪᓂᐅᔪᓂᒃ; ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᐸᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᓲᕐᓗ ᐃᓄᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᐃᓅᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᕐᓂᒃ, ᐃᓱᒪᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᒃ. 2025-ᒥ, ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ 8 ᒥᓕᐊᓐ ᐅᖓᑖᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᔪᑦ.
ᑕᐃᒪᙵᓕᒫᐸᓗᒃ ᑭᖑᓂᑦᑎᓐᓂ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓅᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ-ᓄᐊᑦᑎᔨᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᖅᑎᑦᑎᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᕆᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᓄᑖᖑᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ 160,000–60,000 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᐊᓂᒍᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑐᑦ. ᓄᑖᖅ ᐅᔭᕋᖕᓂᐊᕐᓂᐅᔪᖅ, ᐱᒋᐊᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓂᒋᐊᓂ ᐅᐊᓕᓂᕐᒥ ᐋᓯᐊᒥ 13,000 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᓈᓕᖅᑐᑦ (ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓛᒃᑰᖓᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᖃᔅᓯᒐᓚᖕᓂ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂ), ᑕᑯᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᐅᔪᒥ ᐱᕈᖅᓰᕕᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᖏᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᒥ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᓂᐅᔪᒥ; ᑕᐃᒪᓕ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᑎᑦᑎᓕᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᓂ ᑲᔪᓯᔪᒥᒃ (ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᔪᓯᔪᒥᒃ) ᐃᓄᒋᐊᒃᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓱᒃᑲᔪᒥᒃ ᓄᑖᖑᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᕐᒥᒃ. ᑕᐃᒪᙵᓂᑦ, ᐊᒥᓱᑲᓪᓚᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᐅᔪᑦ ᖁᕝᕙᐸᓪᓕᐊᓯᒪᓕᖅᐳᑦ ᑲᑕᒃᐸᓪᓕᐊᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ, ᐊᒥᓱᑲᓪᓚᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᓪᓗ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑦᑎᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᓂᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᔭᐅᔪᓄᑦ.
ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᑕᐃᒎᓯᕐᒥᒃ "ᐃᓄᐃᑦ" ᑕᐃᓯᒐᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᔪᓕᒫᓄᑦ ᕼᐅᒧᒧᑦ, ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒐᔪᒃᑐᒥ ᑐᑭᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᒐᔪᒃᑐᖅ ᕼᐅᒧ ᓴᐱᐊᓐᔅᒥᒃ, ᑕᐃᓐᓇᑐᐊᖅ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ. ᐊᓯᓕᒫᖏᑦ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᓇᙵᑦ Homo-ᖑᓂᕋᖅᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ, ᒫᓐᓇ ᓄᖑᓯᒪᓕᖅᑐᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕗᑦ ᐃᓄᑐᖃᐅᓂᕋᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖅ "ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᒃ" ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ Homo sapiens-ᖑᓂᕋᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᑐᖃᐅᓂᕋᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᑎᒥᒃᑯᑦ ᒫᓐᓇᓕᓴᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ 300,000 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᐊᓂᒍᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂ, ᓴᖅᑭᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᕼᐅᒧ ᕼᐊᐃᑕᓪᐴᒋᓐᓯᔅ-ᒥᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᐸᓗᖓᓂᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᒥᒃ. ᓅᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ, ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓇᖏᖅᑕᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᕿᑐᕐᖏᐅᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓂ ᐃᓄᑐᖃᕐᓄᑦ. ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᑲᖐᓱᒍᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓄᖑᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᑐᖃᐃᑦ ᓲᕐᓗ ᓂᐅᓐᑕᓪ ᐃᓚᖃᖅᐳᑦ ᐊᑭᑦᑐᕋᐅᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᐋᓐᓂᖅᑎᕆᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᕿᑐᕐᖏᐅᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᕼᐅᒧ ᓴᐱᐊᓐᔅ-ᓂᒃ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᔪᓐᓇᙱᓐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ. ᑭᖑᕚᒃᓴᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕙᑎᖓ ᐊᒃᑐᐃᓂᖃᓲᖑᕗᑦ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᔪᒃᑯᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑑᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᑎᒥᖓᑕ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑑᓂᖓᓂᒃ, ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓕᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐃᓱᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᑎᒥᐅᑉ ᐊᖏᓂᖓᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓅᓯᖓᑕ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᑎᒋᓂᖓᓂᒃ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑑᑎᐅᒐᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖃᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ (ᓲᕐᓗ ᑭᖑᕚᕇᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑑᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᒥᖏᑕ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑑᓂᖏᑦ), ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑭᖑᕚᕇᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᓐᓂᖃᙱᓐᓂᖅᐹᖑᖃᑕᐅᕗᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᒃ. ᓇᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐃᓄᒃ 99%-ᒥᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᐸᓗᒃᑑᒃ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖁᓄᔪᕐᓂᐊᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑑᑎᐅᕗᑦ: ᐊᖑᑏᑦ ᑎᒥᒥᒍᑦ ᓴᙱᓂᖅᓴᐅᓲᖑᕗᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᑎᒥᒥᒍᑦ ᐅᖅᓱᖃᕐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓲᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐃᓅᓱᒃᑐᕈᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᑎᑦᑎᕙᒃᐳᑦ ᑐᒡᓕᐊᓂ ᐊᕐᓇᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᖑᑕᐅᓂᕐᒥᒡᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᕐᓂᒃ. ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᓇᔾᔨᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ, ᐃᓅᓱᒃᑐᕈᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, 12-ᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖃᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓕᐊᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᖅᑲᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐅᑭᐅᖃᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ 50-ᓂᒃ.
ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑭᓱᓕᒫᓂᒃ ᓂᕆᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ, ᓂᕆᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᕈᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᓪᓗ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑐᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᑯᐊᓪᓚᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᖅᑰᓴᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᓂᕿᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᕿᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᙵᓂ Homo erectus-ᖑᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᖕᒪᑦ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᑦᑐᐃᓂᖃᖅᓯᒪᒻᒪᕆᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᒥᒃ. ᖁᑦᑎᒃᑐᒦᑦᑐᑦ ᓂᕿᒃᓴᖅᓯᐅᖅᑎᐅᕗᑦ, ᓂᕆᔭᐅᒐᔪᙱᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓄᑦ.[1] ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᒃᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᑦ, ᓴᓇᕕᔾᔪᐊᖑᔪᑦ, ᓄᓇᒥᒃ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᑎᑦᑎᓂᖅ, ᐊᑐᓗᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᑭᑦᑎᓂᖅ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᖕᓂᒃ ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑦᑎᓯᒪᕗᖅ ᐊᕙᑎᒥᒃ ᓱᕋᐃᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓱᕈᕐᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓂᖃᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᑲᔪᓯᔪᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᖑᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ.[2][3] ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ 100 ᐊᓂᒍᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑐᑦ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᕿᓂᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒃᓱᕈᕐᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᕙᑎᓂᒃ ᓲᕐᓗ ᐋᓐᑕᒃᑎᑲᒥ, ᐃᑎᔪᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ.[4] ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖃᕐᓂᖅ ᑖᒃᑯᓇᓂ ᑐᖁᖓᔪᓂ ᐊᕙᑎᓂ ᑭᒡᓕᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᕗᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᑭᑐᔪᒻᒪᕆᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᑭᒡᓕᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᒐᔪᒃᑐᖅ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᓂᖓᓄᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᑭᒡᓕᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᓄᑦ, ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑐᒃᓴᓄᑦ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓴᓇᕕᖕᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᓂᐅᔪᓄᑦ.[4] ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐳᓛᕆᐊᖅᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᑕᖅᑭᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓕᖅᑎᑦᑎᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑕᐃᑲᓃᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᑎᒥᐅᔪᓂ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑎᒍᑦ ᖃᖓᑕᓲᒃᑯᑦ.[5][6][7] ᑕᐃᒪᙵᓂ ᐱᒋᐊᓕᓵᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ 20-ᒋᔭᖓᓂ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᐃᑦ, ᑲᔪᓯᓂᖃᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᒃ ᐋᓐᑎᐅᕆᐆᒥ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ, ᑕᐃᒪᙵᓂ 2000-ᒥ, ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᖃᖓᑕᓲᒃᑯᕕᖕᒥ.[8] ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᔪᓐᓇᖅᐳᑦ ᑎᑭᓪᓗᒍ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕈᓯᕐᓄᑦ 8-ᓄᑦ ᓂᕆᙱᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐅᓪᓗᓄᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᓄᑦ ᐃᒥᖃᙱᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᓂᖃᑦᑕᕐᒪᑕ, ᓯᓂᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᓂᒃ 7-ᓂᒃ 9-ᓄᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ. ᐃᕐᓂᓱᒃᓰᓂᖅ ᐊᑦᑕᕐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᖁᑦᑎᒃᑐᒥ ᐊᑦᑕᕐᓇᕐᓂᖃᖅᖢᓂ ᐊᑲᐅᙱᓕᐅᕈᑎᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑐᖁᓐᓇᖅᑐᒧᑦ. ᐃᒪᐃᒐᔪᒃᑐᖅ, ᑕᒪᒃᑮᒃ ᐊᓈᓇᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑖᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᖃᖃᑦᑕᕐᒪᑎᒃ ᕿᑐᕐᖓᒥᓂᒃ, ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓅᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ.
ᑕᐃᒎᓯᖓ ᑐᑭᖓᓗ